[![C++](https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-11-00599C?logo=cplusplus&logoColor=white)](https://isocpp.org/) [![CMake](https://img.shields.io/badge/build-CMake-064F8C?logo=cmake&logoColor=white)](https://cmake.org/) # Graphics From Scratch Five small C++ renderers, each building on the last: 2D computational geometry, a ray tracer, a recursive ray tracer with shadows/reflection/refraction, a BVH-accelerated mesh ray tracer, and a full software rasterization pipeline with animated output. | Stage | What it renders | |---|---| | [`geometry/`](geometry/) | Point-in-polygon tests via ray casting | | [`raytracer/`](raytracer/) | Spheres and planes, orthographic/perspective, Blinn-Phong shading | | [`raytracer-advanced/`](raytracer-advanced/) | Shadows, reflection, refraction, procedural Perlin-noise texturing | | [`bvh-mesh-renderer/`](bvh-mesh-renderer/) | Triangle meshes accelerated with a bounding-volume hierarchy | | [`rasterizer/`](rasterizer/) | A from-scratch vertex/fragment shader pipeline with a software z-buffer, exported as rotating GIFs | ## Sample output

recursive ray tracer

BVH mesh renderer

rasterizer (per-vertex shading)

More renders, including wireframe and flat-shading GIFs, are in each stage's `renders/` folder linked above. ## Stack C++11, [Eigen](https://gitlab.com/libeigen/eigen) for linear algebra, [stb_image_write](https://github.com/nothings/stb) for PNG export, [gif-h](https://github.com/charlietangora/gif-h) for animated GIF export. Each stage is a standalone CMake project; none of the three libraries are vendored in this repo — CMake's `FetchContent` downloads them at configure time. ## Building Each stage builds the same way: ```bash cd / cmake -S . -B build cmake --build build cd build && ./ ``` The first configure downloads Eigen/stb/gif-h and takes 15-30s; after that it's cached. **Verified:** all five stages configure, build, and run correctly (build tools: CMake 3.31, GCC 6.3). On some older GCC/MinGW builds, Eigen's fixed-size vectorized types trigger a stack-alignment assertion — if you hit `eigen_unaligned_array_assert_workaround`, add `-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE` to the `cmake -S . -B build` step. This isn't needed on MSVC, Linux GCC/Clang, or modern MinGW-w64. ## Note on the renders The `renders/` folders here are actual output from running each program locally (verified during setup, not copied from anywhere) — none of it is a course-provided reference image. ## 🎓 Project Context Built as part of **CSC 305: Introduction to Computer Graphics** at the University of Victoria (Summer 2025). ## ⚠️ Academic Integrity Notice This repository is maintained for portfolio and educational purposes only. If you are currently enrolled in CSC 305 at the University of Victoria or a similar computer graphics course, please note that using this code in your own assignments may constitute a violation of Academic Integrity policies.